March 12 thru March 15, 1886

As always, click on the picture to enlarge for easier reading of original. Feel free to contact me with corrections, additional information, or comments. Click on the map link to the right of this entry to see more about where places are. Other information can be checked out with the links to the right, including a great family picture of everybody circa 1886!

They start to sort potatoes and take them to Bloods to fulfill the deal they made on Thursday to supply potatoes by 10AM Monday. Henry goes to visit the Terneys, and Bart goes to Litterary? I assume this might have been some sort of book club - discussion group?

The next item is of great interest to me! Henry goes to visit Leicester Fox to discuss hiring Bart (my great grandfather - age 17) to work for him. Mr. Fox promises an answer by Saturday evening.

Saturday, they take more potatoes to Bloods. Bart and Mills cut wood. Sarah takes eggs to the store in Ingleside. Henry goes to Ingleside later, and they go to the Christian Church meeting in the afternoon, then to Grange meeting, followed by meeting at their church. Henry complains of a bad cold, and almost as an after thought, he says "I hire Bart". Leicester Fox has agreed to hire Bart to work for him for 7 1/2 months at $15 per month - see small note at end of Monday's entry.... I think the line indicates that this little note goes with Saturday's entry. Below is the Memorandum from the back of the diary that lists the terms of Bart's employment. Picture below.Henry had asked for $16 per month, but Mr. Fox has countered with a lighter work load, including letting Bart cut the grain with a reaper? I'm thinking that perhaps Bart worked for Mr. Fox last year - 1885? Perhaps Bart had to harvest grain with a scythe and cradle last summer, and now Liecester Fox has a mechanical reaper of some sort? Henry has negotiated for Mrs. Fox to do Bart's laundry and mending... final deal is for $15 per month with Henry getting all Bart's wages within 3 weeks of the end of the 7 and one half months. It looks like all the money goes to Henry.

Henry continues to fight his cold on Sunday and stays home from church. The rest of the family goes to church.

Monday Bart and Jen go to Wallace. Omar and Mills cut wood. Henry also has them fill the "leech" and they find the chaldron kettle broken? My first thought was that the "leech" might have to do with the outhouse -- we currently refer to a leach field where the liquid drains from a septic system. Filling the leech might have referred to moving the outhouse, and filling the old hole??? The reference to the kettle, might refer to leaching lye (alkali) from ashes. Omar goes to Naples in the afternoon to get Bart a pair of overalls and some rubber boots -- preperation for his new job? It will be interesting to see if Bart dissappears from daily enties soon? Not sure if he will be staying with the Fox family, or if he just goes there to work each day?

March 8 thru March 11, 1886 - republished in order?

This is an attempt to republish this in the correct order... if it works, I'll go back and delete the version that got published out of order?

As always, click on the picture to enlarge for easier reading of original. Feel free to contact me with corrections, additional information, or comments. Click on the map link to the right of this entry to see more about where places are. Other information can be checked out with the links to the right, including a great family picture of everybody circa 1886!

Monday - Henry goes to Wayland to visit Harm and Hattie and granddaughter Florence who has a bad cold. He takes Mills, Lois, and Ettie (Sarah Esther) with him. They head home around 4PM - still daylight?

Omar goes to Naples on Tuesday - Sarah sends a suit she got at Tobeys for Cad for Omar to return. (I wonder if they are getting ready for the photo?) Omar, Bart, and Jen had spent the previous evening at the Lawyers for a surprise party. Oate (sic) Baldwin comes to visit. Also Elder Lawton and family come to visit, and stay overnight. Jane Tenney is there too - helping quilt. Henry takes the Lawtons to visit the Nickles on Wednesday. Aaron Drake's folks are there too.

Another of Henry's asides??? - "Mr. Nickles don't put in an appearance." Henry seems to use the word "don't" when he is expressing an opinion? I've read a couple of "He don't pay" mentions for example, and now another one?

Note: I'm wondering if the Lawtons live in the area, or if Elder Lawton is a visiting preacher from somewhere else who stays with various families while in the area? Henry seems to be their transportation for a few days?

Thursday Henry takes the Lawtons to Bloods to visit the Deloss Clarks.. Elder G.B.Fuller is there too. Henry makes a deal with D. Weld to sell red potatoes for 38 cents a bushel... delivery by Monday next at 10AM... maybe to meet a train schedule? The train station is in Bloods (present day Atlanta, NY) They make it back to Ingleside with Elder Lawton for evening services.

March 4 thru March 7, 1886

As always, click on the picture to enlarge for easier reading of original. Feel free to contact me with corrections, additional information, or comments. Click on the map link to the right of this entry to see more about where places are. Other information can be checked out with the links to the right, including a great family picture of everybody circa 1886!

Thursday they cut and pack more ice and finish filling the ice house. All but about a half dozen cakes fit in. No idea how big a cake of ice was? Mills shells some corn, along with packing more sawdust in the ice house.

Friday, Omar and Mills get more sawdust from Clark's Mill in Ingleside. Sarah and Bart take a grist of wheat, and corn to Naples, and get 25 pound sac (sic) of flour. Sarah gets a "suit of clothes" each for Bart and Mills - cost $12 for one and $8 for the other - plus 90 cents worth of underwear, at Tobeys.

W.E. Weld comes to visit on Saturday morning. He rides back to Ingleside with Sarah and Henry when they go to visit Charles Conley in the afternoon. Charles Conley has been to the city with a load of potatoes, and evidently has money because he settles up with Henry - the 75 cents owed. Not sure what city Mr. Conley went to with the potatoes. I would assume Bath, NY. When I was a kid, a trip to Bath (County Seat of Steuben County) was still sort of a big deal. Rochester, or Corning would be a possibility, but not likely given the distance involved.

Sunday is the usual meeting in the morning and evening. Elder Lawton preaches on Isaiah 55, verse 6 - "Seek ye the lord, while he may be found". I think this is the first specific Bible reference from Henry. Henry uses Roman Numerals for the Chapter and Verse, with the number listed first..... "LV Chapter, VI Verse". I remember learning and being tested on Roman Numerals when I was a kid. I wonder if they are still taught? I sort of doubt it? I'm sure that particular passage from Isaiah is still used regularly! I remember many sermons on that theme at the Ingleside Christian Church in my own youth!

February 28 thru March 3, 1886

As always, click on the picture to enlarge for easier reading of original. Feel free to contact me with corrections, additional information, or comments. Click on the map link to the right of this entry to see more about where places are. Other information can be checked out with the links to the right, including a great family picture of everybody circa 1886!

Sunday Sarah and Henry go to church in the morning and in the evening. Omar and Hattie Warren also go in the evening, along with Jen and Hiram Avarrey (sic). There is a conference meeting after the evening preaching. Note: Ingleside Christian Conference was a big sort of revival meeting with special guest preachers, etc. held in the summer when I was a kid - 1950's. Not sure if it is still held, but I would suspect it is.

Monday, Omar, Bart, Mills, and Henry all work on cutting and storing ice from Ingleside - probably Evergreen Farm? Sarah makes fried cakes and pies. Frost gets into the cellar - probably a sign of a pretty good cold stretch.

Just for fun I went looking for evidence of the pond on Evergreen Farm, and have created a link to an aerial view of the farm... the pond is quite large, and near the road - present day Route 53. It is pretty much exactly 4 miles between their place and the pond. Click here to see the aerial view, or the link to the right in the collection of relevant links. Cutting and storing ice was the normal cold storage system in 1886. Even large cities relied on ice cut from lakes, ponds, etc. and stored for later use. In 1886, there were around 200 commercial ice plants in the US - all cutting and storing ice. Believe it or not, refrigeration technology on any large scale would not exist for another 20 years or so. Railroad cars, and trucks were still cooled with ice into the early 1940's!


Tuesday and Wednesday the ice work continues - cutting, drawing, and packing in the ice house which is about half full by Tuesday evening. Looks like a total of 8 loads of ice by Wednesday afternoon. Mrs. Nickles sends Sarah a line canceling a planned visit to them by the Lawtons and others. Maybe she caught Omar on the way by with a load of ice? Omar and Jen go visit the Warrens Wednesday evening, and Sarah and Bart go to meeting. Looks like Omar and Jen went to meeting too with the horse... probably took Hattie Warren.

I've been wondering about how they found their way around at night in those days? We've seen lots of night time visiting! Dad says the horses knew their way around, and would find their own way home even at night - even if the "driver" were asleep! Wednesday night March 3rd 1886 was for example a waning crescent moon -- less than 3% moonlight even on a totally clear night! And based on Henry's weather comments on Wednesday and Thursday - light snow both days - it probably wasn't a clear night! For the truly demented among you, the moon phases for any month from 3999 BC to 3999 AD, can be found here. I just love the internet!

February 24 thru 27, 1886

As always, click on the picture to enlarge for easier reading of original. Feel free to contact me with corrections, additional information, or comments. Click on the map link to the right of this entry to see more about where places are. Other information can be checked out with the links to the right, including a great family picture of everybody circa 1886!

Note--- I've added the location of the school house to the map, probably the Tenney place too since Henry refers to the Tenney schoolhouse.

Another note --- Dad says the folks I've been calling the Terneys, are the Tenneys ----- my bad! I've gone back and corrected all the previous entries.

Wednesday -- Sarah and Henry go visiting again -- this time to the W.E. Weld family - Evergreen Farm. David Strong family is there, along with the T. Simons family. They get home around 6PM, and have a surprise birthday party for Omar. I assume it is a birthday party because Omar turns 24 on Friday -- Not sure why the party wouldn't be on Friday.... maybe the date I have for Omar's birthday is wrong?? The party is organized by Hattie Warren - his girlfriend, and future wife.

Thursday --- Omar takes grist to Naples. Bart and Mills cut wood. Jen cleans up from the party, and Sarah makes collars for shirts and dresses. Henry works some more on the lumber wagon -- putting springs on the seat.

Friday - Sarah and Henry go to Aaron Drakes. The Lawton's are there too.

Saturday Omar and Bart pull limbs and small poles (saplings) out of the woods, and pile them on something???? Mills goes up to Ingleside to the blacksmith, to get hardware to hang the seat on the lumber waggon (sic). Bart takes 7 1/2 dozen eggs to Teals for cash at 18 cents/dozen. - $1.35 I think Teals is the store in Ingleside?? No Grange meeting that night.

March 8 thru March 11, 1886 - revised

My apologies for accidentally publishing "March 8 - 11" out of sequence. --- "Mother Goose". I tried to un-publish the original, and re-publish in the correct sequence, but it is not working! Uttering Henry's "Mother Goose" thing isn't working! I guess that like Henry, I just need to add this note, and go on. Click here if you missed Henry's reversal of days back in January. Check the comments too.

March 8 thru March 11, 1886

As always, click on the picture to enlarge for easier reading of original. Feel free to contact me with corrections, additional information, or comments. Click on the map link to the right of this entry to see more about where places are. Other information can be checked out with the links to the right, including a great family picture of everybody circa 1886!

Monday - Henry goes to Wayland to visit Harm and Hattie and granddaughter Florence who has a bad cold. He takes Mills, Lois, and Ettie (Sarah Esther) with him. They head home around 4PM - still daylight?

Omar goes to Naples on Tuesday - Sarah sends a suit she got at Tobeys for Cad for Omar to return. (I wonder if they are getting ready for the photo?) Omar, Bart, and Jen had spent the previous evening at the Lawyers for a surprise party. Oate (sic) Baldwin comes to visit. Also Elder Lawton and family come to visit, and stay overnight. Jane Tenney is there too - helping quilt. Henry takes the Lawtons to visit the Nickles on Wednesday. Aaron Drake's folks are there too.

Another of Henry's asides??? - "Mr. Nickles don't put in an appearance." Henry seems to use the word "don't" when he is expressing an opinion? I've read a couple of "He don't pay" mentions for example, and now another one?

Note: I'm wondering if the Lawtons live in the area, or if Elder Lawton is a visiting preacher from somewhere else who stays with various families while in the area? Henry seems to be their transportation for a few days?

Thursday Henry takes the Lawtons to Bloods to visit the Deloss Clarks.. Elder G.B.Fuller is there too. Henry makes a deal with D. Weld to sell red potatoes for 38 cents a bushel... delivery by Monday next at 10AM... maybe to meet a train schedule? The train station is in Bloods (present day Atlanta, NY) They make it back to Ingleside with Elder Lawton for evening services.

February 20 thru 23, 1886

As always, click on the picture to enlarge for easier reading of original. Feel free to contact me with corrections, additional information, or comments. Click on the map link to the right of this entry to see more about where places are. Other information can be checked out with the links to the right, including a great family picture of everybody circa 1886!

Dave Olney has sent along a great picture of the Olney family circa 1886. Click on the link to the right to access the picture, or click here. I think I've got all the names correct- or at least good guesses. Not sure why, but hover your mouse right about where each person's feet would be to see the names, or click on the names to the right on the Picassa page. I can't tell you how exciting it is to have a picture of what they all looked like within a year of the time of the diary. This would have been quite a production -- everyone is in their Sunday best, and the picture would have been planned well in advance, and taken by a professional photographer (the first Kodak box camera - The Eastman Cossitt - was produced in 1886, so home photography was not yet available to regular folks). It looks like it is taken in front of their house, giving us some sense of what the house was like!

More mysteries! Saturday, Sarah and Omar go to Naples to pick up grist, and they take the "road warrant" to the town clerk. I can't find anything about what a road warrant is except that it might be a legal document related to taxes for road maintenance? No money seems to be involved, so I'm stumped? Dad says that sometimes local people did work on the roads, hauled gravel, etc. in lieu of taxes -- sort of an official barter system.

They also pay $1 for The Neapolitan Record for 1 year. Some research reveals that
The Neapolitan Record was published weekly from 1884 to 1887. The Naples Library evidently has all but a couple of issues for 1886 on microfilm! How easily excited I am! This will hopefully give me lots more info on the businesses that the Olneys traded with in Naples, etc. The Naples Record - successor to The Neapolitan Record - is still being published. Naples is named for the city in Italy, so the term Neapolitan might well apply! My handy dictionary says:

Ne⋅a⋅pol⋅i⋅tan–adjective

1.	of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Naples: a Neapolitan love song.

–noun

2.	a native or inhabitant of Naples.

Sarah gets 3 pair of slippers for $1.90 and has them "chd"??? Possibly she charged them --- no mention of this $ in the ledger section, though Sarah might have spent some of her own money? I seem to recall her recording some purchases from her own money in her 1885 diary. Bart takes cider to the Marshes, and trades for vinegar. Maybe they kept apples through the winter? Cider would have long since turned to vinegar if pressed in the fall? Possibly the Marshes made especially good vinegar - maybe a secret recipe?

Sunday, Sarah and Omar take the buggy and John (one of the horses) to church, but Bart and Mills walk to Ingleside. Jen and Omar go to meeting in the evening - again John is mentioned. A very light day on diary entry. Note that it has been warm long enough to make use of the buggy feasible rather than the sleigh.

Monday lots of chores get done. Omar draws wood, Bart and Mills cut it up. Jen washes clothes, and Sarah does some baking. Omar also takes 17 dozen eggs to Cornishes in Bloods, and gets $2.56 in cash and balance in trade. Uncle Agustus and Aunt Mary visit....Agustus is Sarah's mother's younger brother.

Tuesday Henry and Sarah go visiting again -- they go to Catherine Welds, and are joined by Harmon Drake's folks and Stephen Stanton's folks (not sure if this is those families, or if it is their parents??) Also Mrs. T. Simons is there. Then there is the first mention of how visiting got arranged ... they are invited to the Drakes to visit with the Lawtons on Friday. (Friday's entry confirms that they went)

February 16 thru 19, 1886

As always, click on the picture to enlarge for easier reading of original. Feel free to contact me with corrections, additional information, or comments. Click on the map link to the right of this entry to see more about where places are.

Tuesday - Omar and Bart skidd up wood for sawing. I'm thinking this would refer to sliding actual logs out of the woods -probably by pulling the logs with one of the horses - possibly for sawing into lumber later rather that cut into short sections for firewood? Mills goes to school -- another indication that going to school may have been something to do when not needed for chores, etc?? Henry has a lame shoulder again..... probably a real problem when the whole family livelihood depended on hard physical work.... probably had what we call a torn rotator cuff?

Wednesday - Jane Tenney comes to help quilt again -- I guess she is not the school teacher. A neighbor - William Blodgett, comes to buy wheat at $1 per bushel. He says he will get 16 bushel in about 30 days, but will want 4 bushels sooner for grist. Cash transactions are not real common. They grow a lot of their food, and barter a lot, but not a lot of cash.

I'll try to get the money ledger entries from the back of the diary on a web page soon - I just went looking at them, and don't find any reference to William Blodgett actually getting wheat later. In looking through the ledger entries, I notice that Henry actually pays Omar for at least some of his work. Omar is 23 years old - 24th birthday next week. Bart is 17 (turns 18 in August) and does not seem to get paid. Soon, Henry will "rent" out Bart's services to a neighbor.

Sarah and Henry go to visit the Nickleses (sic) in the evening.

Thursday - Sarah and Jane are still quilting. Mart and Julia Drake come to visit. I'll have to try to figure out who Mart and Julia are. I'm related to the Drakes on my mother's side, so they are probably relatives of mine. Julia helps quilt, and they finish the quilt. They all have a social chat. Everybody goes home, and Henry and Sarah go visit the Frank Marsh family. Daughter Hattie and Harm and granddaughter Florence are there too. I wonder how these visit are planned? No phones!

Friday Hattie, Harm and Florence come to visit, but leave their horse at the Marshes? Henry doesn't "think much of that". William Blodgett sends his son to get the grist of wheat mentioned earlier. Henry gave him the 4 bushels, but mentions that he "didn't pay for it". Sarah and Henry go to visit the Blodgetts in the evening.

Note: Catherine Blodgett - descendent of William Blodgett - was a big Naples/Prattsburg area history buff till she passed away recently, and was the one who got this diary from one of Lois's descendants. ... James Robinson. I sure wish she was still around to talk about all these folks with. She lived on the Blodgett place - probably less than a mile from Henry and Sarah's place as the crow flies.

Note: Talked a bit more with friends about the frequency of getting grist ground into flour or cattle feed recently, and got two more theories. 1. A possible way of limiting those pesky little moths that infest flour --- if you've ever had them you know you don't want them in the flour! That could have been an even bigger factor than spoilage. A Cornell Entomology web page notes --- "Long term storage of flour and meal products often leads to infestation, therefore, such products should be purchased in quantities suitable for early use, unless adequate containers are employed." It just occurred to me that dry storage of a lot of flour might have been an issue too.... no plastic bags, etc in those days! Large crocks or metal bins would have been about the only option. 2. Given transportation - i.e. buggy or sleigh - it may have just been a lot easier to haul a few bags at a time when going to Naples for other things, rather than hauling a big load.

February 12 thru 15, 1886

As always, click on the picture to enlarge for easier reading of original. Feel free to contact me with corrections, additional information, or comments. Click on the map link to the right of this entry to see more about where places are.

The Tenneys are there to visit again... Jane and Sarah quilt. They go to Peter Johnson's funeral?? Omar cuts wood, Henry sorts a few potatoes again. Jane Tenney goes home at night. Bart goes to Tenney's schoolhouse??? Not sure what that means. Maybe Jane was a school teacher? Maybe not? Jane is at their house all day. Maybe the Tenneys owned the school house but somebody else taught. I'm not sure how the school system was organized at that time?

Saturday, Henry Tenney asks Henry to come over to help with a sick cow, but he gets there too late - the cow is dead. Henry helps Henry Tenney and Henry Polmeteer skin the cow. Three Henrys! They probably don't use the meat of a sick cow, but they certainly don't let the skin/leather go to waste! Omar and Jen don't go to see Susie (probably Susie Conley) because it is stormy.

Sunday Bart goes to church - sounds like Sarah and Henry stay home - Sarah is sick. Omar and Mills go to church in the evening, taking "Old Kitt" and the buggy. It appears to have been warm long enough to not be able to use the sleigh? It has been 40 or 50 everyday for a while. This is the first mention of one of the horses by name. I know from later entries that there are at least 3 horses --- Molly, Old Kitt, and John?

Monday - Various chores -- washing, quilting, potato sorting --- most mentions of potato sorting seem to use the pharse - "a few potatoes" - obviously not a favorite task! Henry mends shoes... they used to fix stuff! -- you didn't just go buy a new pair. Henry may have even made the shoes originally? ( note: Thomas Olney - the original Olney in this country - 1635 - was a shoe maker among other things - Henry is 9th generation in this country) Bart and Mills don't go to school. Friday's mention of Tenney's Schoolhouse must have referred to going to school.... maybe school attendance was sporadic depending on weather, work that needed doing, etc??

February 8 thru 11, 1886

As always, click on the picture to enlarge for easier reading of original. Feel free to contact me with corrections, additional information, or comments. Click on the map link to the right of this entry to see more about where places are.

Some more interesting information... Omar and Bart to to Evergreen Farm for a load of ice, while Mills and Henry shovel sawdust out of the ice house to get ready... sawdust was used to insulate the ice to make it last as long as possible into the summer..... possibly even into the following winter according to some.

Evergreen Farm is the home of Henry's sister Ellen, who is married to William Eber Weld. If I've got it worked out right, William E. Weld is also Sarah's 1st cousin? (They previously checked the ice on William Johnson's pond?) Evergreen Farm is located on the hill on the road between Ingleside (Riker's Hollow), and Prattsburg. Location noted on the map. (link to the right) The row of evergreens is still there according to notes from my Dad. Sarah's parents (Eber Hill and Lydia Matilda Weld) live on a farm near Evergreen Farm.... also noted on the map.

Omar and Jen go to Wayland to visit their sister Hattie and husband Harmon (Harm) and their neice Florence. Bart and Mills go to visit Salem I. Cloun (sp?)

Note: Wonderful story of how Sarah's grandparents - David and Hannah Weld - happened to end up in this area here.

Tuesday Henry fixes a whiffletree to the Democrat wagon. I knew what a whiffletree is, but a Democrat wagon??? --- " a light flat bed farm wagon or ranch wagon that has two or more seats and is usually drawn by one or sometimes two horses". One source says you have seen one if you ever saw a western movie. I'm not sure how fancy their Democrat wagon was? The one below is a restored pretty fancy one. The term Democrat was often capitalized as Henry does.
A whiffletree is a system of cross bars hooked together to harness two horses to a single wagon, sleigh, plow, etc. The wagon above is set up for one horse. The Olney's Democrat wagon must have been fitted for two horses. With such a large family, maybe their's had more than two seats? Again, you've seen a whiffletree if you've ever watched the hero climb over the runaway horses pulling the stagecoach to sure destruction in one of those western movies. My dad and mom both remember Democrat wagons still in use when they were kids. According to Dad, the seats were probably removable .... sort of like the modern day family mini-van? Seats in to haul the kids, or out to haul lumber? I did find a reference on the internet to some kids falling out of a Democrat Wagon because the seat was not fastened.

Omar and Jen return from Wayland -- I guess they stayed overnight. Omar and Sarah head to Naples to pick up 2 bags of feed from the grist taken to the mill last week. Grist is grain that has been separated from its chaff in preparation for grinding. I'm not sure why so many trips to Red Mill and Lyon's Mill. Seems like bigger batches would have been better? Maybe grain kept better whole than when ground into flour or cattle/horse feed?

Wednesday is a bit hard to read... for some reason Henry writes over the original entry at a right angle. Henry goes to Tenney's to get Sarah, and he and Omar draw wood. Henry and Jane Tenney are there to visit. Jane and Sarah are quilting. Omar and Bart haul wood. Henry sorts Potatoes. (note - sorting potatoes was a constant task to get rid of the ones that might be going bad so the rest would last longer - bad ones probably went to the animals - remind me to tell you Dad's "Decisions" story one day) Mills finishes husking corn and puts it in the cornhouse. ( Note: We now have two more structures on the farm in addition to the house and barn -- an Icehouse, and a Cornhouse.) Sarah and Bart go to Peter Johnson's funeral.

On Thursday, Jen bakes. Henry sorts potatoes again. Omar goes to Naples takes more grist to Lyon's mill and picks up previous grist. (Note: does this indicate that Lyon's Mill is in Naples rather than at the Blodgett place as previously thought???) Sarah and Jane continue quilting. Henry Tenney and Jane stay overnight. A midwinter thaw --- it has been 50-60 degrees for a few days.

I think we've located the blacksmith shop mentioned earlier - Avery's - probably located in Ingleside - near the church and the Grange Hall -- location on the map --- click link to the right.

February 4 thru 7, 1886

As always, click on the picture to enlarge for easier reading of original. Feel free to contact me with corrections, additional information, or comments. Click on the map link to the right of this entry to see more about where places are.

Very interesting entries. Omar goes to Red Mill in Naples for horse feed and flour - ground from their own grain. Omar goes to Stoddards to get a thermometer. Henry lists some people, but doesn't mention anything about why -- were they there to visit? Some are just first names? Orva (sp?) Weld and wife, Aunt Catherine, Ella (?) and E?leanor Ca???, and Frank and Erma or Emma? Any suggestions on reading this gratefully received.... maybe some later entries will clarify some of these names. (later note - I think that light word might be "came". Maybe these are folks who came over to visit?)

Friday - A lot of visiting today! -- Henry and Sarah go to visit the John Averys -- William Blodgett and wife and Mrs. J.W. Lawton (preacher's wife) were there too. They head home early because some young people are expected at their house for the evening. Six couples spend the evening playing and engaging in "social chit chat". Not sure what "playing" would refer to. Playing cards would not have been a proper Christian thing to do --- perhaps board games, charades?? Dad says there might well have been music involved. Bart played fiddle, clarinet, and coronet later in life, and was an avid member of the Ingleside Band as an adult. Just a side note that I wish I knew more about their house, and the homes of their friends and neighbors. 6 couples, plus Henry and Sarah, plus the younger folks in the family, could add up to about 20 or 21 folks in the house that night? Omar, Jen, and Bart might have been included in the 6 couples - older "kids" in the family who might have had dates? Mills is 16 -- he might have had a date, but that still leaves Lois (14), Esther (13), Cad (10), Prudence (8), Stella (5), and Kent (3) What sort of house could host such a gang? Remember the bathroom was definitely an outhouse! Even with Hattie married and living in Wayland, there are 13 or 14 people living there all the time.

Saturday Omar and Henry go to Avery's shop -- a blacksmith -- and have the horse's hooves sharpened and shoed, at the cost of $1.00, and order some ice tongs made for 50 cents! They try the ice on William Johnson's pond, and find no water - frozen solid all the way! Henry and Sarah go to visit Mart and Julia in the afternoon, and to Grange in Ingleside in the evening. More visiting! While in Ingleside, they pay $5.67 on their bill at the store, and barter 10 dozen eggs for $1.90 off the bill - 19 cents a dozen.

Sarah, Henry, Jen, Ettie (Hattie), Omar, and Bart to to church. (Bart is my great grandfather) Ettie must be visiting? She lives in Wayland. Elder Hibbard gives the sermon. I'm not sure how leadership of the church is organized... several folks seem to give sermons, lead services, etc?? The church still is in Ingleside - not the same building - I wonder if I can find old records?? Omar and Jen go to church in the evening with dates - Omar with Hattie (Warren) and Jen with Hiram Warren. Omar will marry Hattie later (not sure of date). Henry throws in another little comment about Omar -- "Omar takes Hattie I guess". If I were counting, I'd say this makes three little asides about Omar so far this year.

January 31 through February 3, 1886

As always, click on the picture to enlarge for easier reading of original. Feel free to contact me with corrections, additional information, or comments. Click on the map link to the right of this entry to see more about where places are.

Sunday is a full day of church... looks like they go to their regular church, then go to Methodist meeting in the afternoon, stay for some sort of class, and to to prayer meeting in the evening. I'm not sure where the Methodist's meet. Dad said something about another church there in Ingleside? They go to visit Aunt Catherine Weld between the Methodist Meeting and the evening prayer meeting.

Monday Henry fixes the harness and harnesses the horses to go the George Pulver's to visit... they don't go until Tuesday, so I'm thinking it was a process of making sure the harness was in good shape for a longer than usual trip? Eber Weld and wife stop by. Eber goes on the Bloods and returns. His wife stays to visit, and they all visit into the evening on his return. The children have colds.

Tuesday, Sarah and Henry go to visit the Pulver family (George and Belle) -- about 2 hours away by the "new road" - a much shorter route Henry notes. They stay overnight, and return home the next day a bit after noon. The kids still have bad colds.... note there are "kids" ranging in age from 3 to 22, so they aren't being irresponsible in leaving overnight. Omar is back from Mansfield, PA. Everyone there is well, and Uncle Robert (Henry's older brother) got baptized on Sunday. (Note: The family's Christian faith would have made this baptism -fairly late in life - a pretty big deal... maybe Omar went to Mansfield specifically for the baptism?)

Note that Mansfield is about 75 miles away - quite a trip by horse! One reference suggests about 25 miles per day as an average distance traveled by horseback? Another suggests 15-25 miles per day. Omar must have pushed it since he was in church in Mansfield area on Sunday morning and got home Tuesday night. I wonder who he stayed with along the way - Sunday and Monday nights?? Definitely no Motel 6 along the way, though there might have been small Inns or boarding houses, or taverns with rooms to let and a place to stable the horse? Maybe he just slept under a tree?

January 27 through 30, 1886

As always, click on the picture to enlarge for easier reading of original. Feel free to contact me with corrections, additional information, or comments. NEW --- I've added a map link that will help you see where things are in the neighborhood where this story takes place. Click on the Map link to the right of the title of each page. Zoom out to see where Naples is located in New York State. Zoom in to see Ingleside and exactly where the Grange Hall, and the Church were. I'll add pictures and more locations as I can.

On Wednesday Henry finishes up some steps in preserving the meat prepared last week, including "pickling". Pickling is not a vinegar process like we do with cucumbers, but involves, salt, sugar, salt petre, and water to cover the meat. Click here for a civil war era recipe that is probably similar to what Henry would have done.

Henry also cuts a board for a wagon seat. This may have involved cutting a board from a section of log? I'm pretty sure they didn't just buy lumber the way we do now. Waddamus came to visit at night. No idea who this is? Not sure if this is a first name or a last name? Henry usually uses full names or at least initials. Henry still has a lame shoulder - several days now.

Thursday, Sarah is still working on Jen's dress. With all the day to day activity of feeding and caring for 13 people with no "modern conveniences", there probably isn't a lot of extra time in the day for projects like this? Henry is working on the seat still - for the lumber wagon. Omar harnesses up the horses to go to prayer meeting (Thursday nights), but they don't go because of heavy rain. Grange meetings are Saturday night.

Friday the weather cools off again, but there isn't much snow for using the sleigh. Sarah finishes Jen's dress!

Saturday they draw manure.... a process of hauling manure from the cows, horses, and pigs out to the fields and spreading it around. They go to Christian Fellowship Meeting in the afternoon, and draw a load of firewood to the woodhouse at night. Cutting, gathering and storing firewood is a big winter time activity. There aren't crops to tend to, and the trees will dry much better when cut in the winter when they aren't growing, and there is a much lower moisture content.

January 23 through 26, 1886

As always, click on the picture to enlarge for easier reading of original. Feel free to contact me with corrections, additional information, or comments. NEW --- I've added a map link that will help you see where things are in the neighborhood where this story takes place. Zoom out to see where Naples is located in New York State. Zoom in to see Ingleside and exactly where the Grange Hall, and the Church were. I'll add pictures and more locations as I can. Click on the Map link to the right of the title of each page. Feedback or questions appreciated!

Saturday Aunt Jayne (different spelling) goes home... she has visited several days, helping with dress making. I'm not sure who Aunt Jayne is. Henry has a sister with a middle initial of J. but she only lived to the age of 3. Sarah has no sisters by that name.

Henry mentions Omar sleeping in till 11AM. On another occasion he mentions Omar feeling "moderate" because of being out late. I'm not sure Henry totally approves of Omar's behavior??

On Sunday they go to church, which seems to include the funeral service for a George Polmateer. I'm thinking maybe they combined things because of the difficulty of travel?

On Monday Henry and Omar go to Bloods to see about selling potatoes. Bloods (present day Atlanta / North Cohocton) continued to be a major center of potato growing for many years. I can't remember the name of the machine, but a major innovation in potato sorting by mechanical means was invented there. In 1917, 30 years later, a promotional pamphlet for the area states that Stuben County is the second largest potato growing county in the whole country. They don't sell any potatos because of a lack of "carrs". Possible a misspelling referring to railroad cars? Henry makes a "bottom to sleigh". Horse drawn sleighs were the major form of local transportation in the winter. Henry has a lame shoulder for a second day. Son Cad has to be punished - no mention of what for. A note at the end of the day's entry referring to 34 cts. worth - this amount is not listed in the ledger at the end of the diary.

Tuesday Henry and Sarah go with William Blodgett and wife to visit the Charles Couleys.... I'm struck by how much visiting goes on at a time when that wasn't just a matter of hopping in the car! They go by "long sleigh", and encounter quite a bit of drifting snow. It must have been quite a gathering, because 4 other couples are there, along with a Mrs. Smith, and Mrs. Elder Lawton and her two daughters. That's a total of at least 18, not including any children of the Couleys?

January 19 through 22, 1886

As always, click on the picture to enlarge for easier reading of original. Feel free to contact me with corrections, additional information, or comments.

Temperatures begin to appear next to the dates printed in the diary. (actually I just noticed a couple of earlier dates that have temperature entries)

On Wednesday the 20th, Jen gets a dress cut --- is this another dress, or is Henry repeating information from Saturday - the 16th ---- or is she picking up the dress? Sarah gets a hat - $2.00. Not inexpensive! Omar gets grist - cow feed - from Lyons Mill --- a second mill - previously they went to Red Mill. Dad suggests that Lyon's Mill may have been on the Blodgett place - just up the hill a bit from their place?

Note at end of the entry for the 19th --- "Wednesday's happenings" ... matching note at end of the entry for the 20th indicates that the information was reversed. I can't figure out why Henry writes "Mother Goose" after "Wednesday's happenings" Anyone out there got any theories? "Wednesday's happenings" sounds like it could be a Mother Goose line, but I can't find anything on Google.

On Tuesday, Hattie (Henry's daughter) and little Florence are there visiting. Florence is Henry and Sarah's granddaughter. Also visiting is Mrs. S.H. Ingraham - relative of Hattie and Harmon - can't find any info on exact relationship. Frank Marsh and wife are there too - quite a party for a Tuesday. Omar takes Nora Lawton riding till 10PM ;-)

On Thursday Sarah makes her dress, with help from Aunt Jane (not sure who this is) who came home with them from Naples on Wednesday. Aunt Jane makes button holes. This is confirmation that Miss Arnold measures and cuts fabric, and the actual sewing is completed at home. Omar and Jen shovel the road --- no plowing service I guess!

Dress making and button hole making continue on Friday. They go to a Grange fundraiser. Omar and Jen go to something at high point. Can anybody figure out that word? Looks like "surprise" to me, but that doesn't make much sense?? There is a High Point Hill, and a High Point Cliff listed as 2 of 31 Mountain Peaks and Summits in Ontario County, NY. Location Center: 42.6459°N 77.4447°W Elevation at center: 2,159 feet (658 meters) 1.8 miles from Naples, so it is in the neighborhood! Google maps puts High Point northwest of Naples.... the Olney's live about the same distance south of Naples. That puts High Point closer than Bloods (Atlanta) and they have made that trip several times already this year! Now ..... what is that word "s ----- at high point" ???????

January 15 through 18, 1886

Click on picture to enlarge for easier reading of original.

They go to visit the H. M. Ingraham family. This is actually his daughter Harriet Amelia, her husband Harmon M. Ingraham, and their daughter Florence J. who was about 2 years old at the time. By the end of the year she will be pregnant with Charles Byron. As far as I know, Henry always refers to them as the H. M. Ingraham family, and never mentions his granddaughter? They live in Wayland, NY - about 8 or 9 miles. Not sure how the roads went in those days. They stop in North Cohocton on the way home, and purchase Salt Petre, and "Tobacco Slim Jim". He mentions paying for both, indicating they probably had accounts at both places -- perhaps even bartered for some things? Salt Petre may have been for meat preservation, or possibly stump removal (I'm not sure they would have spent money on stump removal?) Can't find any info on the tobacco product. Maybe Henry smoked or chewed? Salt Petre was purchased at Carpenter's -- a store/drugstore run by Ezra S. Carpenter - Physician , Surgeon --- their family doctor.

Saturday, Jen gets a dress cut at Miss Arnold's - same place Sarah got a dress earlier in the week. Thinking back, I wonder if Miss Arnold knew how to measure and cut for clothing, but maybe folks sewed the clothes themselves? Probably commercial patterns weren't available. Cows are mentioned - another food source / product. They go to Grange later in the day, and get crackers, soda (baking soda I'm sure - definitely not Coca Cola!), and sugar somewhere. I think the Grange Hall was in Ingleside, and I think there was a general store there - corner of Maple and Babcock Rd? (Sarah's diary from the previous year mentions bartering eggs and butter for canning jars there.)

Note: Membership in the Grange organization is available to anyone who is interested in participating in making better communities. The Grange began as an agricultural organization at a time when agriculture was the primary occupation of rural citizens. Today the Grange still closely mirrors the makeup of our rural communities. Agriculture is still important to the Grange and its members in that the economic welfare of rural communities is still strongly influenced by the economic stability of agriculture.

They go to church on Sunday. Sermon on Luke 20 - render unto Caesar. Elder Lawton took a vote of congregation on whether they preferred responsive readings, or a scripture lesson. Not sure if that was just for the day, or was a vote on changing the order of service?

Monday, Henry helps Jen with the washing... he does the "pounding" and carrys out the water afterward. There would have been no machines to help --- water would have been heated in a big pot/boiler on the wood stove. Omar checks ice somewhere nearby -- finds it too thin for cutting and storing yet. I'm not sure exactly what Henry is thinking about when he mentions that "Omar was out last night. He is feeling very moderate" Maybe he thinks Omar was out drinking and had a bit of a hangover????? I'm sure he would have never mentioned it directly.

January 11 through 14, 1886

Click on picture to enlarge for easier reading.

More wheat taken to the mill for flour and feed. Sarah picks up the dress she was measured for last week. A check of the accounts at the end of this diary shows the dress cost 75 cents. I'll try to get the account pages posted to a separate web page for reference as we go along.

Tuesday, they butcher pigs - not sure how many --- lightest was 262 pounds, heaviest was 290. They get Head cheese, Sausage, Ham, Shoulder, Lard, Hocks, and I'm sure lots of stuff not mentioned, from the pigs. The actual butchering only takes 3 1/2 hours, but making the sausage, head cheese, etc. takes place over the next couple of days, along with preservation in barrels with salt.

Mart (?) Lawyer buys 1800 raspberry roots for $5. The Olney's lived on what is present day Lawyer Road.

They make sausage, etc on Wednesday... put up a cask of side meat, and 195 pounds of ham! Henry scalds a barrel for the hams and shoulders. While it is cold in January, this meat probably will last into warmer weather. 13 people probably go through food pretty fast though.

On Thursday, they go visit Aunt Mary and Uncle Augustus Weld. Augustus is Sarah's uncle - her Mother's younger brother. Sarah's Mother is Julia (Lydia) Matilda Weld Hill. Looks like Sarah is an only child, but Sarah's Mother is one of 14 children. Lots of aunts and uncles for these kids!

Just a quick person note ------ This is fun!!!!!

January 7 through 10, 1886

Another thing you don't just go to the store for... Sarah colors some yarn for socks. Both yarn and socks are not store bought! Next day - some preparation for butchering a hog for meat. Borrow a proper knife from a neighbor, and put hoops on a barrel for scalding the pig to remove the hair. When Lois gets sick, she gets Ealsworth pills (no idea), and a dose of Quinine. These days doctors seem to avoid Quinine! ..... followed by "one dose of Veratrum" -- still a standard Homeopathic medication today - intended for high blood pressure. They also apply hot flannel cloths. Lois recovers despite the treatments? This won't be the last odd medical treatment by methods considered to be incorrect, or even dangerous by today's standards. Note: Henry and Sarah sleep upstairs - presumably to let Lois stay warmer in their bed? This indicates they live in a two story home.

The pump freezes up on Sunday, and Omar goes to Bloods for a repair part. Just for the record, the pump would be a hand pump, probably outdoors? Bloods is a nearby community currently known as Atlanta, NY. Origin of the name seems to be unknown - possibly from a family name of the folks who ran the train depot there??? The depot is still standing today. My mother left for college from that same depot in 1944?

Click on the picture to enlarge for easier reading of original. Feel free to contact me with corrections, additional information, or comments.

January 3 through 6, 1886

Weather will be a big part of every day's entry. On a farm weather is very important. Henry stays home on Sunday instead of going to "meeting" because of the inclement weather.

On Monday, Henry works at "cobling and mending" things... Shoe repair for Bart, Stella, and Jen, and repair of a horse harness. A lot of things are made or repaired right at home. No quick trip to the store to buy a new one!

On Tuesday, Sarah and Henry go to town (Naples). 4 bushels of wheat gets them two bags of feed, and a bag of flour at Red Mill. Sarah gets button hole shears, and gets measured for a dress. Henry buys this diary for 45 cents!

Wednesday he and Sarah go visiting. Visiting is a common activity even though it involves pretty much the whole day or sometimes even overnight because transportation is horse and buggy, and even fairly short distances by today's standards involve a few hours of effort.

Click on the picture to enlarge for easier reading of original. Feel free to contact me with corrections, additional information, or comments.

January 1-2, 1886

You'll notice Henry will give a brief summary of the weather every day. As a farm family, pretty much all income, food, and other stuff, like heat, comes from the farm, and the weather is critical! The 4 cords of wood cut on New Year's Day, will heat their home. January 1 is definitely not a day off! Omar (24 years old), Bart (18 years old), and Mills (16 years old) are the three oldest sons. Bart is my great grandfather!

Click on the picture to enlarge for easier reading of original. Feel free to contact me with corrections, additional information, or comments.

Henry Cadmus Olney's blog will start January 1, 2009

That's Dad and me holding two diaries. I'm on the left with Henry's diary from 1886. Dad is holding Sarah's diary from 1885. I'll get to blogging Sarah's diary later --- but it is not so complete as Henry's -- some of my female friends suggest perhaps she had less time to keep a diary with 11 kids ages 3 to 24 in 1886! My sense is that neither of them had an easy life! And as you will see, Henry's daily entries are about 50 words long.... hardly a long break from the day's chores.

My plan is to publish Henry's diary as though it were a blog. This will be done with photos of the original diary. Each photo is of both sides of the open diary (4 days) - a quite small book, that cost him 45 cents.,, not a small amount in 1886! The diary also includes complete financial records for the year. I'm going to try to blog every 4 days, with the picture of that 4 days of diary entries, and any necessary notes from me to help explain things as I feel necessary or fun. I'll also try to establish a web page listing the family members, etc. to help make it easier to follow the daily events. I hope this is of interest to somebody out there... a real slice of life in rural upstate New York in 1886.

Check back on January 1st 2009 for Henry's blog. He would be amazed, both that anyone cared about his analog blog (diary), and that the world now allows for somebody in Japan or Portugal to read his words 123 years later!